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| c. 1020 |
| | | Count Radbot builds himself a 'hawk's castle' or Habichstburg, near Zurich, from which the Habsburg dynasty takes its name | |
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| 1273 |
| | | The period without a German king, known as the Great Interregnum, ends with the election of a Habsburg prince, Rudolf I | |
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| 1278 |
| | | At Dürnkrut Rudolf I defeats and kills Otakar II, his rival for Austria - thus bringing the Austrian territories into the Habsburg domain | |
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| 1291 |
| | | The Swiss forest districts of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden sign an Everlasting League (in the Rütli meadow) to resist Habsburg domination | |
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| 1315 |
| | | The Swiss, defeating the Habsburgs at Morgarten, make lethal use of their halberds - designed to jab, grapple and slash | |
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| 1320 |
| | | The leading role of Schwyz in the victory at Morgarten causes the independent cantons to become informally known as the Swiss confederation | |
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| 1356 |
| | | Charles IV establishes a permanent group of seven electors - four hereditary German rulers and the archbishops of Mainz, Cologne and Trier | |
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| 1438 |
| | | The office of Holy Roman emperor becomes a hereditary title within the Habsburg dynasty | |
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| 1477 |
| | | Maximilian, heir to Austria, weds Mary, heiress to Burgundy, in the first of the great marriage alliances which form the Habsburg empire | |
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| 1485 |
| | | Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary, captures Vienna and makes the city his capital | |
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